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SS ''Pennsylvanian'' was a cargo ship built in 1913 for the American-Hawaiian Steamship Company. During World War I she was requisitioned by the United States Navy and commissioned as USS ''Pennsylvanian'' (ID-3511) in September 1918, and renamed two months later to USS ''Scranton''. After her naval service, her original name of ''Pennsylvanian'' was restored. ''Pennsylvanian'' was built by the Maryland Steel Company as one of eight sister ships for the American-Hawaiian Steamship Company, and was employed in inter-coastal service via the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and the Panama Canal after it opened. ''Pennsylvanian'' was one of the first two steamships to travel eastbound through the canal when it opened in August 1914. During World War I, as both SS ''Pennsylvanian'' and USS ''Scranton'', the ship carried cargo and animals to France, and returned American troops after the Armistice in 1918. After her naval service ended in 1919, she was returned to her original owners and resumed relatively uneventful cargo service over the next twenty years. Early in World War II, the ship was requisitioned by the War Shipping Administration, and shipped cargo on New York – Caribbean routes and transatlantic routes. In mid-July 1944, ''Pennsylvanian'' was scuttled as part of the breakwater for one of the Mulberry artificial harbors built to support the Normandy Invasion. == Design and construction == In September 1911, the American-Hawaiian Steamship Company placed an order with the Maryland Steel Company of Sparrows Point, Maryland, for four new cargo ships—, , , and ''Pennsylvanian''.〔Maryland Steel had built three ships—, ''Georgian'', and ''Honolulan''—for American-Hawaiian in 1909 in what proved to be a satisfactory arrangement for both companies.〕 The contract cost of the ships was set at the construction cost plus an 8% profit for Maryland Steel, with a maximum cost of $640,000 each. The construction was financed by Maryland Steel with a credit plan that called for a 5% down payment in cash with nine monthly installments for the balance. Provisions of the deal allowed that some of the nine installments could be converted into longer-term notes or mortgages. The final cost of ''Pennsylvanian'', including financing costs, was $70.35 per deadweight ton, which came out to just under $716,000.〔 ''Pennsylvanian'' (Maryland Steel yard no. 127)〔 was the final ship built under the original contract.〔Further contracts on similar terms were signed in November 1911 and May 1912 to build four additional ships: , , , . See: Cochran and Ginger, p. 358, and Colton.〕 She was launched on 29 March 1913,〔 and delivered to American-Hawaiian in June.〔 ''Pennsylvanian'' was ,〔 and was in length and abeam.〔 She had a deadweight tonnage of and a storage capacity of .〔 ''Pennsylvanian'' had a single quadruple expansion steam engine powered by oil-fired boilers that drove a single screw propeller. It could propel the ship at a speed of .〔〔〔 The engine had cylinders of 25½ inches (65 cm), , 53½ inches (136 cm) and diameter by stroke. It was built by the Maryland Steel Company, Sparrows Point, Maryland.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「SS Pennsylvanian」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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